Touring the USS Turner Joy - DD951

Maintained as a museum ship by the Historic Naval Ships Association at Bremerton, WA

Forward 5"/54 and superstructure

Traveling companions pacing the ferry looking for a handout

There is a huge I-beam just under that four-spoke valve wheel in the center of this picture.
That's the keel. There is nothing on the other side of that but Puget Sound.
At this point, the water line is a foot or two over our heads.

The Turner Joy is driven by steam tubines

A "coffin" locker

Puget Sound Naval Ship Yard
A neighbor

In the neighboring marina
Taken from the weather deck of the Turner Joy

 

Returning to Seattle

What Matters Wisdom?

I have lived as a fool for decades and loathe myself for the mess I have made of my life. Maybe it's a blessing in disguise. If the American Dream is morphing into the American Nightmare as fools in congress and business continue to dismantle our country, our economy, and our constitution, it occurs to me that if I had lived wisely all these years that, in the end, it would have made no difference. I may even be better off for having gotten so good at barely getting by.

Like an insect, my kind of low-life may be better equipped to survive the national and social melt down that increasingly seems to be the eventual fate of a once powerful and prosperous nation that may be trapped on a dead end hell slide into poverty and shame. Who's better equipped to hunker down and survive in a hovel while grubbing for enough food to keep body and soul together: the "winner" who is well invested, lives in a nice big house, and is used to a wide range of comforts and diversions – or the "loser" who is used to doing without, struggling to get by, and discovering in the process that he is no more or less bored than he was in the earlier, more affluent days of his youth.

Now, just because I'm a fool doesn't mean I'm ignorant. I recognize that a significant portion of the population who currently enjoy a comfortable, well supplied, and – seemingly – secure life style are persons of strength, character, and courage. When faced with adversity, they are capable of responding to the shifting fortunes of circumstance, making adjustments, taking action – and surviving. Many who have made their way through challenging times find that the experience has benefitted them. Sometimes a real shake down of the status quo is an opportunity to sift through the detritus of our lives and adjusts our values.

However, there are others who are living lives which are in great jeopardy, yet they settle into their daily routine blithely unaware that they are walking on a tight rope stretched between two houses of cards. Captive in a culture of consumerism, they spend every dollar they earn – and more (thank you, Visa; thank you, MasterCard). Never having made up their minds just what it was they really wanted to do to earn their livings, they graduate college the slaves of their student loans and, if they are lucky, get a job in a nice, clean career. Having grown up with televisions, computers, and cell phones, many of them don't know one end of a screw driver from the other. They hire everything done, while having no desire, and often no skill, to do anything for themselves. God help them, because when the financial egg hits the fan they may look to the government for help to survive – and find the government bankrupt. The coffers empty. No bread in the bread line. No soup in the soup kitchen.

So, what matters wisdom? A great deal. Just because I didn't apply a great deal of wisdom doesn't mean I don't recognize it's value. Quite the contrary; because I find myself old, crippled up, tired, and bitterly paying the price for not having lived wisely, I see clearly the value of what could have been – if only…

Some of what I learned the hard way and too late:

• Put the plug in the jug. There is nothing that can happen to you that can't be made worse by booze and drugs.
• It's not the high cost of living that is your curse, it's the cost of living high.
• You don't NEED a new car… nor the payments. A mechanically sound used car will serve you better by costing you less.
• The bigger the house, the more costly the maintenance.
• The longer your commute, the more money you're burning on gas and the more time you are losing on the road.
• Learn how to do stuff for yourself. Mechanical skills, building skills, gardening.
• You don't have to be extremely wealthy to be financially independent. You just have to have lived long enough spending less than you earned, and investing wisely, to reach a point where you can maintain an abundant life with a moderate income.

Faith Is Not Blind, It Is Fundamental

Faith is a part of our system of perception. It does not stand alone, but serves as an extension of the other two parts of our system of perception – empiricism and rationalism. Faith is what we use to bridge the gap between what is provable and improvable by empirical evidence and rational thought alone.

Faith is fundamental. It is the cornerstone of the foundation of our minds. Without it, we do not develop the capacity for rational thought. Rational thought is contingent upon language – the ability to build vocabulary, conceptualize the world in which we live, and to communicate among ourselves. As infants, we learn language by faith. As our capacity for language develops, we accept – by faith – the system of sounds and symbols that are our languages. It is not proven to us empirically or rationally that that’s mommy, that’s daddy, that’s a cat, dog, chair, table, or house. As our facility for language increases, our potential for rational thought increases.

We are born empirical beings. We develop our capacity for rational thought by accepting – through faith – the meanings of the symbols of our language. We are finite beings. Our senses are limited; our capacity for thought is limited. Empiricism and rationalism can not be divorced from faith; scientific methodology can not be divorced from faith. Evolutionary theory begins with faith in the axiom – the presupposition, the assumption – that the origin of life can be explained by purely natural causes.

Harvard Professor of Genetics, Richard Lewontin, a world leader in Evolutionary Biology, acknowledges the nature of evolutionism’s foundation.

“We take the side of science in spite of the patent absurdity of some of its constructs, [. . .] because we have a prior commitment, [. . .] (W)e are forced by our a priori adherence to material causes to create an apparatus of investigation and a set of concepts that produce material explanations, no matter how counter-intuitive, [. . .]. Moreover, that materialism is an absolute, for we cannot allow a divine Foot in the door.”1

The theory of evolution does not end with naturalism; that is, “the view that all phenomena can be explained in terms of natural causes.”2 It begins with an assumption of naturalism.

Faith is fundamental to those who believe we have been created; faith is fundamental to those who believe we have evolved. The billions of dollars spent and the billions of person-hours invested in the devout pursuit of a “scientific” explanation of the origin of life is the simple seeking of justification for believing what the evolutionists accepted – by faith – in the beginning. The pretentious ridicule of faith by evolutionists is a foolish denial of the fundamental role of faith in the functioning of human perception. The self-righteous disdain in which some of the religious look upon many scientists is an ignorant denial of the nature of the human mind – whether created or evolved.

“I am not a person of faith, I am a person of science.” Humbug. “I am not a person of science, I am a person of faith.” Equally humbug. At the core of science is faith in our ability to gather sufficient evidence, measure it with satisfactory accuracy, and to interpret it correctly. And the most faith-based persons among us use rudimentary scientific reasoning in the course of our daily lives – our vocations, our decisions.

Maybe it is better to be uncertain of a truth which we can not prove, than to be certain of a falsehood which is assumed to be proven.

---

[1] Richard Lewontin, “Billions and Billions of Demons.” The New York Review.

(9 Jan. 1997) 31.

[2] The American Heritage Dictionary. (New York: Dell, 2001)

Adding Insult to Injury

Being 59 and unemployed is not an encouraging circumstance in which to find myself. It may not be the end of the world… but I can see it from here. It’s not the end of my life, but it is the end of my “American Dream.” The odds are that I will have no “comfortable” retirement.

I am not totally without hope. My life is in my mind, not in my wallet. Good thing, because my wallet is empty. I am becoming increasingly unable to compete for the physically demanding jobs with which I have paid my way so far and there seems to be a real shortage of entry level positions for older workers to break into a new line of work.

So, the wolf is at the door and my back is against the wall. That’s okay… the door is closed and having a wall behind you means you don’t have to cover your rear. But it does mean that until I get around to sending those certified letters to my creditors telling them to stop calling me that I have to put up with their constant and pointless phone calls.

While I maintain a certain level of effort to work my way out of the mess in which I find myself, and while my attitude is not totally in the tank, there is a burr under my saddle concerning one particular practice on the part of at least one of my creditors that just plain pisses me off. In spite of all the economic mumbo-jumbo about the pseudo wisdom of outsourcing our work to foreign locations, I get a little rankled when I pick up the phone and it is another dunning call on behalf of a creditor… AND IT IS FROM A CALL CENTER IN INDIA!

If you want me to find gainful employment and pay what I owe you, stop exporting my job opportunities! Outsourcing is not done to make a profit in order to stay in business. It is done to MAXIMIZE profit in the short run. To hell with your greed! Pull your heads out of the nether regions of your posterior anatomy, settle for a modest and SUSTAINABLE profit, and return to a mode of operation that strengthens our business environment in the long run. We can not all make a living shuffling papers and selling hamburgers to each other.

Under the guiding hand of greed exercised by many modern business executives the American Dream is becoming the American Nightmare.

Bloody Friday – August 14, 1970

 

I enlisted in the Navy in 1970 and spent my summer at the Naval Recruit Training Command in San Diego. As luck would have it, my company drew a sadistic drunk as a Company Commander. He had a nasty habit of going to the enlisted men’s club or off base and getting sloshed while we were doing anything from being lead to classes by recruit petty officers to simply being left in formation on the grinder for a couple of hours until he felt like retrieving us.

There were, perhaps still are, two separate weeks that marked our progress toward graduation. Service Week, when we learned how to do with very little sleep while we worked in the scullery and mess hall from very early to very late; then there was Colors Company Week, when we attended the raising and lowering of the flag. For the ceremonies we were dressed in Class “A” Whites and stood inspection. On Friday of Colors Week we didn’t so well at inspection… according to our Company Commander. We didn’t know about it for a few hours.

After “Colors” in the morning we were led to a couple of different classes by our recruit petty officers, then chow, then back to our barracks where we were waiting out one of our Company Commander’s absences. We were still in our white uniforms. We were in our socking feet, as was our standard operating procedure to keep the deck clean and polished.

His name has been changed to protect the guilty.

From the rear of the barracks a voice rang out loud and clear, “Attention on deck!” We scurried into two lines bracketing the center aisle as our company commander came swaggering through the open back door. Ship Fitter First Class Billy T. Cracker marched silently and slowly between us. His mouth was tightly closed in a lipless slash as his half-opened eyes glared straight out over the flared nostrils of his reddened face. Reaching the front of the barracks, Cracker staggered slightly as he turned and regarded us scornfully as we stood in tense, tomb-like stillness.

I had never been the direct object of Petty Officer Cracker’s abuse. His targets were not random; he would only fire all of his guns at once and explode into the face of recruits guilty of some breach of protocol. I had been coached: keep your mouth shut and your eyes forward, and quickly do exactly as you are told. Like the story about two guys meeting a bear in the woods, I didn’t have to outrun the bear; I just had to outrun the other guy.

Cracker shattered the silence, “What a pathetic bucket of worms! A bunch of squirrels could have done a better job at inspection than you maggots did this morning! March to Georgia, NOW!” In pairs, we scrambled to lift a set of bunks and started marching in place. Cracker soon ordered us to put them down, pile all of our gear, and the lockers it was stored in on the bunks and then pick them up again.

A sailor can carry all of his Navy issue in a sea bag about three and a half feet tall, but we had the added weight of the metal bunks, our rifles, our lockers, and our boondockers. Cracker didn’t give the order to march, but he did begin to prowl among us. I knew he was drunk. I knew he was mean. I didn’t know how far he would carry the punishment... nor did I know how long I could carry that load.

After an eternity of two or three minutes, I heard the tick of a bunk leg tapping the deck. There was the clatter of loads being dropped as Cracker plowed through us and battered the poor boy who had been first to surrender. With spittle flying and eyes bulging, Cracker screamed for us to grab our rifles and form up outside for calisthenics… on the concrete apron in our socking clad feet.

The recruit next to me got out of time and Cracker bulled through our ranks, knocked him to the ground, hit him in the face, and ordered him to stand at attention on a concrete laundry table with his rifle held above his head. One of the recruit’s shoulders had been badly hurt when Cracker pushed him to the ground, he couldn’t raise that arm. He had to stand there holding the rifle over his head with one hand as bright red blood dripped from his nose to the front of his stark white jumper.

Fridays were the days of graduation ceremonies for companies that had finished their training and were leaving for schools and fleet assignments. The streets in front of the barracks were crawling with civilians who were on their way to Prebble Field to watch their sons/brothers/nephews graduate. There were witnesses. There were complaints. Cracker was put on report for maltreatment and sent to alcohol rehab. We were counseled, received an apology and a replacement company commander. We were the last company Cracker would ever be allowed to lead. That pathetic bucket of worms may have been a first class ship fitter, but he was a no class leader.

Two Questions, One Answer

During Robert Kennedy’s 1968 campaign for the presidency of the United States, he would close his speeches with a quote from the Irish playwright George Bernard Shaw. Speaking directly of the leadership quality of vision, Kennedy would deliver this line: “Most men look at things as they are and wonder ‘why?’. I dream of things that never were and ask: ‘Why not?’”

Why and why not? Human nature, that’s the why and that’s the why not. Societies have evolved because of our physical needs in a corporeal world while, at the same time, being sentient creatures. We need, we think. Rational minds soon realize that productivity is increased and security is enhanced by dividing tasks into specialties and working together as a group. We plant, we grow, and we harvest. We mine minerals, we process, and we manufacture. We log timber, we mill lumber, and we build. We invent, we produce, and we sell. We establish religions, we form governments, and we compete.

As we go about our business, the structures of our societies and the functions of our governments sift us and sort us. The talented, the industrious, and the ambitious rise to the top; the untalented, the lazy, and the non driven sink to the bottom. This is fair… for a single generation and to a finite degree.

Talent, industriousness, and ambition combine to create wealth. With wealth come power and advantage; and the power to maintain your advantage. With wealth comes the power to see your children begin their productive lives with an advantage they did not themselves strive to achieve. It is human nature to want to keep what you have gained. It is human nature to want the best for your children. Meanwhile, the children of the poor are more burdened by the circumstances and details of their lives than are the children of the wealthy. They must strive harder, work longer, and carry a greater burden of stress if they are to gain the financial independence to which the children of the wealthy are born.

As this social evolution continues, the gap between rich and poor widens. The vagaries of economic cycles and changing fiscal policies cause an ebb and flow in the wealth accumulating ability of individuals. Those that are already wealthy weather these cycles and changes more effortlessly than those on the lower rungs of the economic ladder. Fewer and fewer at the top accumulate a larger and larger share of the total wealth of a society, and more and more at the bottom begin to grow tired of struggling.

Enter the charismatic politician with a vision of a socialist utopia. Audiences of hoi polloi with lives of struggle and unfulfilled dreams cry, “Why is it this way?” The charismatic campaigner trumpets a vision of the way it can be and boldly proclaims, “Why not make the changes I propose and turn it into what it should be?” Should it be different? Can it be different?

Should people be compensated in proportion to their contribution to the society in which they live? Yes, it’s only fair. But, how much more should the Captain of an ocean liner earn than the boiler technicians that service the engines that drive her, or the cooks who feed the passengers? How much more should the boiler technicians make than the deck hands that do the grunt work or the cleaning help that takes care of the staterooms?

Resources are finite. The more wealth accumulated at the top, the less there is for the rest. Pure laissez-faire capitalism tips the balance too far toward greed and ambition. Pure socialism stifles creativity and effort. God help us find the middle ground where the best of us benefit justly and the least of us can still enjoy being alive.

A Tale of Two Christians

More damage is done to the cause of Christ by some people identified as Christians than is done by some actual enemies of Christ. Who is the Christian? Is it the business operator who is widely known to be a member and active leader of his church while paying his employees minimum wage when in control of $6 million in assets? Is it the computer technician working for wages who is not widely known as a Christian but freely shares his assets with a friend or neighbor in need?

They both are, but one of them has his “Churchianity” confused with being a Christian. I define Churchianity as that group of believers so focused on, and defined by, the particular doctrines of their sects or local churches that their behavior towards “others” is negatively biased. They are “religious,” but their treatment of others taints the reputation of Christianity as a whole. Their behavior towards those who are not a part of their own clique is distinctly different than their behavior towards members of their own mob. This is not the grace with which mature Christians interact with the world around them.

When discussing what grace is you will not get very far with Christians before you hear the acronym, “G.R.A.C.E.” God’s Riches At Christ’s Expense. Not all acronyms are as loaded with meaning and doctrinal truth as that one. That concept is the very core of Christianity. Christ on the cross, crucified. The Lamb of God who takes away the sins of the world. Freely forgiven by the grace of God: not a license to sin, a license to serve. At Christ’s expense, we are free to confess our sins and be cleansed of unrighteousness. We are free to begin each new day cleansed of yesterday’s filth. No matter how often we fail, we are free each day to grow in the likeness of Christ; to practice more patience; to listen more carefully; to see more clearly; to discern with compassion the needs of those around us, whether that need is a shoulder to cry on, an ear to hear, a helping hand with a task… or cold, hard cash.

There is far more to grace than there is to be discussed here. But one more thing to consider is that grace is dealing with people from a position of strength. Spiritual strength. God given strength. Grace is dealing with people on the basis of who you are, not on who they are. Grace is when the CEO speaks to a custodian with the same respect and warmth as when he is speaking with a fellow executive and friend. Grace is when you treat someone who lives in the humblest mobile home with the same consideration as you treat the owner of the mansion on the hill. Grace is when you treat the stressed-out, untidy wreck with the same deference as you treat the charismatic professional in a three piece suit.

In short, if you are a “Churchian” you are as likely to treat an outsider as if he were a cigarette butt in your punch bowl as you are to reserve your limited supply of grace for your own clique. If you are a “Churchian,” you can be the chairman of the board of trustees for one of yours sect’s colleges and do less good for the cause of Christ than the humble neighbor who goes about his business gently and quietly while he looks to doing his best to nurture a Christ-like spirit and grow in the faith and knowledge of our Lord and Savior.

Can Do

They’ve labored in the tropical sun and they’ve dug in the Antarctic snow. For 67 years, from World War II Pacific islands to Middle Eastern sands, they’ve built our bridges to freedom with a tool in one hand and a rifle in the other. They are the United States Navy Seabees. Tell them what you want done, supply the materials, and then get out of their way.


Congress recognized the need for more naval support bases by 1938. Civilian contractors were at work expanding the support network in the Pacific by 1940. After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, it was recognized that further expansion of facilities would have to be conducted by military units. Under international law, it was illegal for civilian construction workers to resist enemy military action. To have done so would have led to their immediate execution as an illegal guerilla force.


The speed with which the First Construction Detachment was recruited, organized, and deployed is amazing compared to the pace of bureaucracy today. On the 5th of January, 1942, Rear Admiral Ben Moreell received authority to form a Naval Construction Regiment. By the 17th of February, just 6 weeks later, the 296 men of the First Construction Detachment were unloading their equipment and supplies on Bora Bora in French Polynesia.


The need for speed led to the relaxing of normal recruitment standards. The first Seabees were an all volunteer force with men from the age of 18 to 50 being accepted. It is a tribute to the spirit of those work hardened men that many over the age of 60 had lied about their age in order to be accepted. They came from the ranks of men who had built Hoover Dam. They came from building highways and tunneling for subway systems. They came from building skyscrapers, docks, ocean liners, and aircraft carriers. The average age of the first recruitment was 37 and they were ready to go to war.


From paving our nation’s way to victory across the Pacific, through good will building projects for local nationals all over the world, from relief assistance in the aftermath of natural disasters at home and abroad, and on to the sands of the Middle East, the United States Navy Seabees have established a solid tradition of service in war and at peace.


While the two word motto, “Can Do,” says a lot about the Seabee spirit, the inscriptions on the Seabee Memorial at Arlington National Cemetery expands on that theme. In addition to the familiar “Can Do,” there are two other inscriptions that pay tribute to the service of the Seabees over the last 67 years:

“WITH SKILLFUL HANDS AND WILLING HEARTS,
THE DIFFICULT WE DO AT ONCE.
THE IMPOSSIBLE TAKES A BIT LONGER.”


“WITH COMPASSION FOR OTHERS
WE BUILD – WE FIGHT
FOR PEACE WITH FREEDOM”

Stop Blaming God

     Stop blaming God for the biggest favor He did the human race. Ironically, it is also our greatest curse: volition. Free will… The ability to choose… Our greatest gift: choices. Our greatest curse: the consequences of our choices. And, the consequences of our choices often benefit or burden those who come after us.

     When ever I hear a question in the form of “If God is all powerful, how come He let (X) happen,” I know I am dealing with an individual who has no understanding of the implications of two vital doctrines and their connection to volition: the doctrine of the will of God, and the doctrine of dominion.

     The Bible and the Christian faith are not cafeterias. When you try to pick and choose individual “menu” items, you end up asking uninformed questions like, “If God is all powerful, why didn’t He stop those terrorists from crashing those airplanes into the World Trade Center?” The Bible is a collection of inspired revelation that came together over a period of millennia and works together, from beginning to end, to reveal a systematic doctrine. You can not understand the parts until you have seen the whole.

     One of the first teachings of the Bible is that after the creation was completed God put the whole kit and caboodle under the dominion of man. God gave man sovereignty over the earth… and the responsibility to keep it and dress it like a garden.

     The story of man’s fall from grace illustrates the doctrine of the will of God. God’s will can be seen to work in three different ways: God’s overpowering will, God’s directive will, and God’s permissive will. So, at the very beginning, we have man having been created and given authority over the rest of creation and we have an understanding that the will of God is not expressed the same way in all situations.

      Enter volition. Volition without alternatives is like a lawn mower without a blade. The consequence of pushing or riding a mower over a lawn is supposed to be that the lawn gets mowed. No blade, no mowing. No alternative choices, no true volition.

     God created the heavens and the earth: God’s over powering will. He did not ask permission, He did not take a vote.

     When God placed man in the garden, man was to dress it and keep it and not to eat of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil: God’s directive will, that is, DO take care of the garden, do NOT eat of the tree in the midst of the garden. God gave man a choice to obey or not to obey.

     “For in the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die:” Consequence. God put a blade on the lawn mower.

     “She took of the fruit thereof, and did eat, and gave also unto her husband with her; and he did eat:” God’s permissive will. He allowed them to disobey.

     Without the functioning of the permissive element of the will of God there would be no autonomy. Without the directive element of the will of God there would be no “manufacturer’s instructions” on how to use our “machinery” in the right way. Without the overpowering element of the will of God there would be no life… nor any miracles… nor salvation.

• Dominion – We, the human race, are responsible for our own mess.
• Disobedience – We are not automatons, we have real choices.
• Damage – We suffer the consequence of disobedience.

     If we are all just travelers on the road to kingdom come, maybe this physical life we now live on the skin of this planet is just some kind of boot camp to get us ready to function on a different plane of existence. If there is a glorious eternal life in a resurrected body of a spiritual nature, then all that we suffer here will fade away like a bad dream.

     Having suffered sweetens the taste of blessing. Having despaired sweetens the taste of hope. Having known great sadness sweetens the taste of joy.

57 Going on 95

Mother was 39, and father was 38 when I was born in 1951. I never knew my maternal grandparents; they had passed on by the time my memory started. Grandmother Carney died in the flu epidemic of 1918 and my grandfather Carney died just before I was born. My paternal grandparents, however, lived long enough to be part of my growing up; knowing them influenced my point of view.

When I was in elementary school we went back to Dad’s “home turf” almost every summer. By the time I came along, the grandparents had sold the farm and moved into a house on the edge of a small Nebraska country village. There was no rush to modernize. They still lived in the “old way” as late as 1960 and did not move into a house with indoor plumbing until about 1962. That first house of my grandparents in the village and Dad’s own shared memories of growing up on the farm and of the people he knew has served to expand my own world view.

A summer visit to my grandparent’s house in Nebraska was like a step back in time. I can still remember the creak-clank, creak-clank of the windmill pumping water; drinking water out of a bucket with a tin ladle; bathing in a washtub; catching a chicken to be killed, gutted, and plucked for dinner; potatoes and green beans straight from the garden; using a slop bucket at night for #1, and that outhouse for #2 no matter what the time. Outhouses aren’t very close to their main houses, either, because the wells are close to the houses and you may agree that the two ought to be separated by some distance. That, and the odor...

A year or two after grandfather died we moved back to take care of grandma. There was not enough room for all of us in my grandmother’s house, so we had to find some place to rent. There was only one house available in the village. The only indoor plumbing it had was a cold water spigot on the enclosed back porch adjacent to the kitchen. So I spent the summer and first 5 months of my freshman year in high school living in a place where you had to go to the outhouse in the middle of the winter to do your business.

This different way of life, my father’s stories, having read a couple of thousand books over my life, 6 years in the US Navy with 3 separate overseas deployments, and a job history with over 20 different employers has left me with a wealth of memories and experience. But sometimes, when I pause and reflect, I feel older than my years. It seems to me sometimes that I could not have the memories I have, nor experienced all I have experienced in only 57 years. That’s why I say, “I feel like I am 57, going on 95.”

Of course, much is left unsaid. This is a blog, not a book. I can’t post a life time of hope, love, hate, fear, anger, grief and joy all at once. I have always lived my life with a certain amount of passion and introspection. When I read, I enter the story with such visualization that I feel as if I am part of it. I see connections and cause and effect relationship that many others fail to see – not because they can’t, but because they simply don’t care. This is alright by me… these differences. Thank God for our differences. If we were all the same we would not be a society. We would be some kind of a sick imitation of life; some kind of a mindless machine.